When I peer mentored new international graduate students at Kent State, they often were puzzled by many aspects of American English, but the greeting ritual known as "How are you?" seemed to particularly baffle them.
The literal meaning of the question didn't puzzle students; it was how Americans utilized it. Some Americans didn't wait for an answer, confusing the students, while other Americans reacted strangely when international students started to provide a detailed answer to the question, letting students know that some conversational norm had been violated.
Though most Americans know the ritual (usually something like "Hi, how are you?", "I'm fine. How are you?", and "I'm all right, thanks."), it is odd if one thinks about it. Linguists would describe the ritual as phatic communication, an empty type of talk that we do to keep communication means open for when we do have something worth saying. Why it takes the form of a question and answer is beyond me (though I'm sure some American Studies scholar has an answer that will bring in democracy, the pioneer spirit, and jazz or something). Why ask how someone is if one doesn't really care or want to really hear the answer? Anything outside of "well" or whatnot tends to be regarded as a violation of the little ritual, unless the conversation partners really know one another well (say, spouses), in which case, an answer such as "fine" might be viewed as too minimalistic a report.
I tend to just say hello for a phatic greeting, but if someone asks me how I am I perform the ritual.
Lately though I've noticed a related phenomenon, primarily in writing and not speech. In an email, people seem to skip the "how are you?" ritual. It seems to be replaced by a line, often near the end of the message, along the lines of "Hope you're doing well."
This is interesting because rather than ask someone how he or she is, the writer skips the issue entirely and just lets the reader know that he or she cares (even if, like in many "how are you" exchanges, he or she doesn't). It also provides a clue to relationships between parties. Aside from a newcomer to American English, a classic tipoff that someone doesn't like you is when you ask "How are you?" and the person answers but doesn't return the question. This is probably unconscious, but as psycholinguist (in the sense that he's a psychologist interested in language, and not in the sense that he's a crazy linguist) James Pennebaker likes to point out, much meaning can reside under seemingly the most insignificant word choices such as pronouns. Therefore, the "hope" line might be regarded as an invitation not to further communicate. Perhaps the writer really hopes not so much that you're doing well, but that he or she will not hear from you again. This line seems to especially pop up when an email conversation could be
generated, but the writer of the email is too busy to pursue it beyond
an initial response but still wants to seem polite. Thus, the lines of communication are kept open in the phatic sense, but in a realistic sense they are being closed. It certainly is more polite than not replying to a message at all.
But maybe I am reading too much into it. In any case, dear reader, I hope that you are doing well.
An introvert walks into a bar
-
This article is from 2019, but Googling my own site, it seems I never
published it here until today.Once a week I treat myself to breakfast at a
diner. It ...
5 hours ago
Interesting! As my workplace has shifted to a global environment, we have been instructed to include more "small talk"/"niceties" in our emails to international colleagues. (We can continue to be brusque and straight to the point with American colleagues, however.) So, most of my emails start with "I hope this finds you well" or some variation on that theme, and end with "have a good day/evening/weekend". It's definitely nicer, but the best work relationships still result from actual conversation and interest in each other's hobbies. For example, one of my best working relationships is with a 30-something in London who DJs and loves new music. He recommends bands to me, and I fill him in on older alternative music and connections between bands and scenes.
ReplyDeleteThe whole "Have a nice day" phenomenon is interesting as well. On the surface it seems very pleasant in that the speaker is wishing the listener well, but it's also phrased like a command, in fact, a very straightforward command that usually would only be issued by a superior to an inferior in a social hierarchy (in the classic linguistics examples of politeness, someone who wants someone else to close a window might say "It's a bit cold in here" or "Would you mind closing the window?" but it's rare that someone would just be directly told to "Shut the window!"). Now "Have a nice day" could just be a shortened version of "I hope that you have a nice day" but it's interesting that it takes that imperative form. Maybe it's a reflection of American imperialism. We're in charge of the world but we're nice, so we'll order you to have a pleasant time.
ReplyDelete